Để có thể giao tiếp tiếng Anh tốt, bạn cần phải nắm vững ngữ pháp. Trong đó, Gerund và Infinitive là một điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng bạn cần biết khi học tiếng Anh cho người mới bắt đầu. Dưới đây là một số quy tắc khi sử dụng Gerund và Infinitve cần thiết khi học tiếng Anh. Hãy học cùng Emma English nhé!
A. INFINITIVE
1. To Infinitive
| 1. V+ To V | Afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wait, want, wish, would like
Tom refused to give me his book
|
| 2. V+ O + to Inf | Allow sb to do sth
Ask, encourage, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, tel, want , warn, would like.. My teacher always encouraged me to learn by myself |
| 3. Adj + to Inf | Glad, happy, pleased, disappointed, delighted, content, anxious, sorry, willing, surprised..
I am disappointed to hear that you failed in entrance exam |
| 4. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ | MĐ quan hệ có từ: last, first, second, only
He was the last man who left the ship He was the last man to leave the ship |
| 5. Purpose: mục đích | S + V + O to V
I save money to buy a house I do exercise to keep fit |
| 6. Too adj (for sb) to Inf : quá…. Đến nỗi không thể | He was too tired to do more work |
| 7. Enough (for sb) to V
Đủ..để làm gì |
The coat is big enough for him to wear |
2. Infinitive without to :
| 1. Động từ khiếm khuyết
V + Inf |
Can, could, should must, might, would, shall, may, would rather, had better, do, does did
She had better take a rest |
| 2. Sau động từ giác quan + O + Inf | Hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find, made, let
He heard them talk about the news last night He made his child cry He smell something burning (đang xảy ra) He smell something to burn (đã xảy ra) His child was made to cry |
| 3. Cấu trúc nhờ vả | Have SO do ST: I have him repair my bike
Have ST done: I have my bike repaired Get SO to do ST: I get him to repair my bike Get ST done: I get my bike repaired |
Lưu ý:
Try + V-ing: thử I try eating snake
Try + to Inf: cố gắng I try to do homework
Need + V-ing = Need + to be V3: This bike needs repairing = This bike needs to be repaired
Need + to Inf: cần : He need to finish his task
B.GERUND
1. Chức năng
a. Chủ ngữ: Swimming is my favourite sport
b. Object: I fancy watching film
c. Bổ ngữ: My hobby is skating
2. Các cấu trúc
| 1. V+ V-ing | Admit, allow, avoid, delay, dislike, like, love, enjoy, finish, imagine, involve, consider, mind, permit, postpone, practice, recommend, risk, mention, waste, feel like, spend,
Can’t help: I can’t help laughing when I watch Mr Bean film Can’t stand : I can’t stand making noise Can’t bear: It’s no use It’s no good There’s no point It’s worth Have difficulty/trouble: We have difficulty finishing the project Look forward to: I look forward to hearing from you Be used to/get used to: She is used to getting up early |
| 2. Prepostion + V-ing | Giời từ: On, in, at, for,
She apologises for treating her cousin unkindly |
| 3. Linking word + V-ing | Liên từ: after, before, when, while, since
After finishing the homework, he goes to bed |
C.INFINITIVE OR GERUND
| 1. Không đổi nghĩa V + to Inf/ V-ing | Begin, start, continue, like, love, hate
It started to rain It started raining |
Lưu ý:
|
Active |
Passive |
|
| Passive Infinitive | My uncle expected to meet me at the airport | I was expected to be meet at the airport |
| Passive Gerund | He enjoys people admiring him | He enjoys being admired |
Trên đây là những điều bạn cần biết về Gerund và Infinitive và những quy tắc sử dụng. Việc nắm vững những quy tắc này sẽ giúp bạn có thể viết thư thương mại bằng tiếng Anh thật chuẩn xác, không mắc lỗi ngữ pháp.